Tiếng Anh — THPT Quốc gia 2019 (mã đề 401)

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.

A shop assistant is talking to a customer.

- Shop assistant: “Do you need anything else?”

- Customer: “__________________”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.

Ann and Peter are talking about housework.

- Ann: “I think children should be paid for doing the housework.”

- Peter: “______. It’s their duty in the family.”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

These photos brought back many sweet memories of our trip to Hanoi last year.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

At first, John said he hadn’t broken the vase, but later he accepted it.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Children brought up in a caring environment tend to grow more sympathetic towards others.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

It’s quite disappointing that some people still turn a blind eye to acts of injustice they witness in the street.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

As they remembered ______ about the danger of getting lost in the forest, the tourists closely followed the tour guide.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Once ______ for viruses, the software can be installed in the school computer system for use.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The teacher entered the room while the students ______ their plan for the excursion.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

His choice of future career is quite similar ______ mine.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

With his good sense of humour, Martin is quite ______ with the students.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The residents of the village are living a happy life ______ they lack modern facilities.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Action films with big stars tend to ______ great public attention.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

This is ______ most beautiful song I’ve ever listened to.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The scientists are working on a drug capable of ______ the spread of cancerous cells.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The little boy took an instant liking to his babysitter ______.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

It’s time he acted like a ______ adult and stopped blaming others for his wrongdoings.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

We ______ on a field trip if the weather is fine this weekend.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

One recipe for success is to stay focused and ______ yourself to whatever you do.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

It’s not my ______ to tell you how to run your life, but I think you should settle down and have a family.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

In an educational context, the term ‘learner independence’ has gained increasing importance in recent years. It is of particular (25) ______ to language learning and commonly refers to the way students confidently control and organise their own language learning process. While some people seem to have an almost (26) ______ flair for languages, others have to rely on strategies to maximise their skills and learn a foreign language more effectively.

The main thing to remember is that becoming a truly independent learner ultimately depends above all on taking responsibility for your own learning and being prepared to take every opportunity available to you to learn. You also increase your chances of (27) ______ by learning according to your own needs and interests, using all available resources. Research shows that learners (28) ______ adopt this approach will undoubtedly manage to broaden their language abilities considerably and, (29) ______, are more likely to achieve their objectives in the longer term.

(25) ______

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

In an educational context, the term ‘learner independence’ has gained increasing importance in recent years. It is of particular (25) ______ to language learning and commonly refers to the way students confidently control and organise their own language learning process. While some people seem to have an almost (26) ______ flair for languages, others have to rely on strategies to maximise their skills and learn a foreign language more effectively.

The main thing to remember is that becoming a truly independent learner ultimately depends above all on taking responsibility for your own learning and being prepared to take every opportunity available to you to learn. You also increase your chances of (27) ______ by learning according to your own needs and interests, using all available resources. Research shows that learners (28) ______ adopt this approach will undoubtedly manage to broaden their language abilities considerably and, (29) ______, are more likely to achieve their objectives in the longer term.

(26) ______

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

In an educational context, the term ‘learner independence’ has gained increasing importance in recent years. It is of particular (25) ______ to language learning and commonly refers to the way students confidently control and organise their own language learning process. While some people seem to have an almost (26) ______ flair for languages, others have to rely on strategies to maximise their skills and learn a foreign language more effectively.

The main thing to remember is that becoming a truly independent learner ultimately depends above all on taking responsibility for your own learning and being prepared to take every opportunity available to you to learn. You also increase your chances of (27) ______ by learning according to your own needs and interests, using all available resources. Research shows that learners (28) ______ adopt this approach will undoubtedly manage to broaden their language abilities considerably and, (29) ______, are more likely to achieve their objectives in the longer term.

(27) ______

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

In an educational context, the term ‘learner independence’ has gained increasing importance in recent years. It is of particular (25) ______ to language learning and commonly refers to the way students confidently control and organise their own language learning process. While some people seem to have an almost (26) ______ flair for languages, others have to rely on strategies to maximise their skills and learn a foreign language more effectively.

The main thing to remember is that becoming a truly independent learner ultimately depends above all on taking responsibility for your own learning and being prepared to take every opportunity available to you to learn. You also increase your chances of (27) ______ by learning according to your own needs and interests, using all available resources. Research shows that learners (28) ______ adopt this approach will undoubtedly manage to broaden their language abilities considerably and, (29) ______, are more likely to achieve their objectives in the longer term.

(28) ______

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

In an educational context, the term ‘learner independence’ has gained increasing importance in recent years. It is of particular (25) ______ to language learning and commonly refers to the way students confidently control and organise their own language learning process. While some people seem to have an almost (26) ______ flair for languages, others have to rely on strategies to maximise their skills and learn a foreign language more effectively.

The main thing to remember is that becoming a truly independent learner ultimately depends above all on taking responsibility for your own learning and being prepared to take every opportunity available to you to learn. You also increase your chances of (27) ______ by learning according to your own needs and interests, using all available resources. Research shows that learners (28) ______ adopt this approach will undoubtedly manage to broaden their language abilities considerably and, (29) ______, are more likely to achieve their objectives in the longer term.

(29) ______

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

Tribal tourism is a relatively new type of tourism. It involves travellers going to remote destinations, staying with local people and learning about their culture and way of life. They stay in local accommodation, share facilities with local people, and join in with meals and celebrations. At the moment, less than one percent of holidays are tribal tourism holidays, but this is set to change.

Tribal tourism is often compared with foreign exchange visits. However, a foreign exchange involves staying with people who often share the same values. Tribal tourism takes visitors to places where the lifestyle is very different from that in their home location. Those who have been on a tribal holiday explain that experiencing this lifestyle is the main attraction. They say that it offers them the chance to live in a way they never have before.

Not everyone is convinced that tribal tourism is a good thing, and opinions are divided. The argument is about whether or not it helps the local population, or whether it exploits them. The main problem is that, because tribal tourism is relatively new, the long-term influences on local populations have not been studied in much detail. Where studies have been carried out, the effects have been found to be negative.

So, is it possible to experience an exotic culture without harming it in some way? “With a bit of thought, we can maximise the positive influences and minimise the negative,” says travel company director Hilary Waterhouse. “The most important thing for a tribal tourist is to show respect for, learn about, and be aware of, local customs and traditions. Always remember you’re a guest.”

(Adapted from “Complete IELTS” by Rawdon Wyatt)

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

Tribal tourism is a relatively new type of tourism. It involves travellers going to remote destinations, staying with local people and learning about their culture and way of life. They stay in local accommodation, share facilities with local people, and join in with meals and celebrations. At the moment, less than one percent of holidays are tribal tourism holidays, but this is set to change.

Tribal tourism is often compared with foreign exchange visits. However, a foreign exchange involves staying with people who often share the same values. Tribal tourism takes visitors to places where the lifestyle is very different from that in their home location. Those who have been on a tribal holiday explain that experiencing this lifestyle is the main attraction. They say that it offers them the chance to live in a way they never have before.

Not everyone is convinced that tribal tourism is a good thing, and opinions are divided. The argument is about whether or not it helps the local population, or whether it exploits them. The main problem is that, because tribal tourism is relatively new, the long-term influences on local populations have not been studied in much detail. Where studies have been carried out, the effects have been found to be negative.

So, is it possible to experience an exotic culture without harming it in some way? “With a bit of thought, we can maximise the positive influences and minimise the negative,” says travel company director Hilary Waterhouse. “The most important thing for a tribal tourist is to show respect for, learn about, and be aware of, local customs and traditions. Always remember you’re a guest.”

(Adapted from “Complete IELTS” by Rawdon Wyatt)

The word “They” in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

Tribal tourism is a relatively new type of tourism. It involves travellers going to remote destinations, staying with local people and learning about their culture and way of life. They stay in local accommodation, share facilities with local people, and join in with meals and celebrations. At the moment, less than one percent of holidays are tribal tourism holidays, but this is set to change.

Tribal tourism is often compared with foreign exchange visits. However, a foreign exchange involves staying with people who often share the same values. Tribal tourism takes visitors to places where the lifestyle is very different from that in their home location. Those who have been on a tribal holiday explain that experiencing this lifestyle is the main attraction. They say that it offers them the chance to live in a way they never have before.

Not everyone is convinced that tribal tourism is a good thing, and opinions are divided. The argument is about whether or not it helps the local population, or whether it exploits them. The main problem is that, because tribal tourism is relatively new, the long-term influences on local populations have not been studied in much detail. Where studies have been carried out, the effects have been found to be negative.

So, is it possible to experience an exotic culture without harming it in some way? “With a bit of thought, we can maximise the positive influences and minimise the negative,” says travel company director Hilary Waterhouse. “The most important thing for a tribal tourist is to show respect for, learn about, and be aware of, local customs and traditions. Always remember you’re a guest.”

(Adapted from “Complete IELTS” by Rawdon Wyatt)

According to paragraph 2, what is the main attraction of tribal tourism?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

Tribal tourism is a relatively new type of tourism. It involves travellers going to remote destinations, staying with local people and learning about their culture and way of life. They stay in local accommodation, share facilities with local people, and join in with meals and celebrations. At the moment, less than one percent of holidays are tribal tourism holidays, but this is set to change.

Tribal tourism is often compared with foreign exchange visits. However, a foreign exchange involves staying with people who often share the same values. Tribal tourism takes visitors to places where the lifestyle is very different from that in their home location. Those who have been on a tribal holiday explain that experiencing this lifestyle is the main attraction. They say that it offers them the chance to live in a way they never have before.

Not everyone is convinced that tribal tourism is a good thing, and opinions are divided. The argument is about whether or not it helps the local population, or whether it exploits them. The main problem is that, because tribal tourism is relatively new, the long-term influences on local populations have not been studied in much detail. Where studies have been carried out, the effects have been found to be negative.

So, is it possible to experience an exotic culture without harming it in some way? “With a bit of thought, we can maximise the positive influences and minimise the negative,” says travel company director Hilary Waterhouse. “The most important thing for a tribal tourist is to show respect for, learn about, and be aware of, local customs and traditions. Always remember you’re a guest.”

(Adapted from “Complete IELTS” by Rawdon Wyatt)

The word “divided” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

Tribal tourism is a relatively new type of tourism. It involves travellers going to remote destinations, staying with local people and learning about their culture and way of life. They stay in local accommodation, share facilities with local people, and join in with meals and celebrations. At the moment, less than one percent of holidays are tribal tourism holidays, but this is set to change.

Tribal tourism is often compared with foreign exchange visits. However, a foreign exchange involves staying with people who often share the same values. Tribal tourism takes visitors to places where the lifestyle is very different from that in their home location. Those who have been on a tribal holiday explain that experiencing this lifestyle is the main attraction. They say that it offers them the chance to live in a way they never have before.

Not everyone is convinced that tribal tourism is a good thing, and opinions are divided. The argument is about whether or not it helps the local population, or whether it exploits them. The main problem is that, because tribal tourism is relatively new, the long-term influences on local populations have not been studied in much detail. Where studies have been carried out, the effects have been found to be negative.

So, is it possible to experience an exotic culture without harming it in some way? “With a bit of thought, we can maximise the positive influences and minimise the negative,” says travel company director Hilary Waterhouse. “The most important thing for a tribal tourist is to show respect for, learn about, and be aware of, local customs and traditions. Always remember you’re a guest.”

(Adapted from “Complete IELTS” by Rawdon Wyatt)

According to Hilary Waterhouse, the most important thing for a tribal tourist is to ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment -- e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic that leak into the ground.

Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is much more efficient -- and less environmentally destructive -- than digging it from the earth. The problem is that in large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling is sold and diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.

To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the safe disposal of electronics they produce.

Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean e-waste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine’s steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn’t take many more machines like this to process the entire USA’s output of high-tech trash.

Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment -- e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic that leak into the ground.

Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is much more efficient -- and less environmentally destructive -- than digging it from the earth. The problem is that in large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling is sold and diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.

To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the safe disposal of electronics they produce.

Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean e-waste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine’s steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn’t take many more machines like this to process the entire USA’s output of high-tech trash.

Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.

The word “obsolete” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment -- e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic that leak into the ground.

Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is much more efficient -- and less environmentally destructive -- than digging it from the earth. The problem is that in large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling is sold and diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.

To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the safe disposal of electronics they produce.

Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean e-waste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine’s steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn’t take many more machines like this to process the entire USA’s output of high-tech trash.

Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.

As stated in paragraph 2, a large percentage of e-waste meant for recycling in the developed countries ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment -- e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic that leak into the ground.

Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is much more efficient -- and less environmentally destructive -- than digging it from the earth. The problem is that in large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling is sold and diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.

To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the safe disposal of electronics they produce.

Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean e-waste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine’s steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn’t take many more machines like this to process the entire USA’s output of high-tech trash.

Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.

The word “notify” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment -- e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic that leak into the ground.

Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is much more efficient -- and less environmentally destructive -- than digging it from the earth. The problem is that in large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling is sold and diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.

To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the safe disposal of electronics they produce.

Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean e-waste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine’s steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn’t take many more machines like this to process the entire USA’s output of high-tech trash.

Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.

The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment -- e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic that leak into the ground.

Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is much more efficient -- and less environmentally destructive -- than digging it from the earth. The problem is that in large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling is sold and diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.

To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the safe disposal of electronics they produce.

Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean e-waste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine’s steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn’t take many more machines like this to process the entire USA’s output of high-tech trash.

Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.

According to the European Union’s laws, electronics manufacturers are required to ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment -- e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic that leak into the ground.

Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is much more efficient -- and less environmentally destructive -- than digging it from the earth. The problem is that in large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling is sold and diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.

To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the safe disposal of electronics they produce.

Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean e-waste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine’s steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn’t take many more machines like this to process the entire USA’s output of high-tech trash.

Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.

Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment -- e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic that leak into the ground.

Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is much more efficient -- and less environmentally destructive -- than digging it from the earth. The problem is that in large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling is sold and diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.

To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the safe disposal of electronics they produce.

Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean e-waste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine’s steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn’t take many more machines like this to process the entire USA’s output of high-tech trash.

Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Peter moved abroad for a fresh start. He regrets it now.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Smartphones are becoming reasonably priced. New applications make them more appealing.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

It was wrong of you to criticise your son in front of his friends.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

My father likes reading newspapers more than watching TV.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

“How long have you lived here, Lucy?” asked Jack.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

At the beginning of the ceremony, there was a respectable one-minute silence in remembrance of the victims of the earthquake.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

My mother gets up usually early to prepare breakfast for the whole family.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

The money raised in the appeal will use to help those in need in remote areas.