Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate…

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is already making decisions in fields such as business, health care and manufacturing. However, Al algorithms generally still get help from people applying checks and making the final call. What would happen if Al systems were required to make independent decisions, especially those that could be life-or-death for humans?

Pop culture has long portrayed our general distrust of Al. In the 2004 sci-fi movie "I, Robot”, detective Del Spooner (played by Will Smith) is suspicious of robots after one rescues him from a car crash, while a 12-year-old girl is left to drown. Unlike humans, robots lack a moral conscience and follow the "ethics" programmed into them. Meanwhile, human morality is highly variable. The "right" thing to do in any situation often depends on who you ask.

Imagine a future with fully autonomous self-driving cars. If everything works as intended, the morning commute will become an opportunity to prepare for the day's meetings, catch up on news, or simply relax. But what if things go wrong? The car approaches a traffic light, but suddenly the brakes fail, and the computer must make a split-second decision. It could steer into a nearby pole, killing the passenger, or continue forward, killing the pedestrian ahead. The computer controlling the car will only have access to limited information collected through car sensors, and will need to make a decision based on this. As dramatic as this sounds, we may be only a few years away from facing such dilemmas.

An Al system developed in one country can be influenced by the views, politics, ethics and morals of that country, making it unsuitable for use in another country and at another time. After all, Al is not "good" or "evil". To make the most of it, we will need to reach a consensus on what we consider "ethical".

(Adapted from https://www.smartcompany.com.au/technology/how-can-we-make-sure-future-al-systems-behave-ethically)

The word "this" in paragraph 3 refers to ___________.