Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. Cultural conflicts happen because people misunderstand contextual information. Different cultures attach different levels of importance to context when they communicate, so the same message may be understood differently. Because of this, knowing how people rely on context is vital for reducing confusion and improving communication across cultures. There are generally two types of cultures: high-context cultures and low-context cultures. High-context cultures, such as those in East Asian and Middle Eastern countries, focus heavily on the situation of a message. Much meaning is implied rather than said directly, so speakers need to know the relationship and setting before understanding the words. These cultures value suggested ideas more than the exactness of words. In contrast, low-context cultures, such as Germany or America, are characterized by clear communication, precise wording, detailed messages, and consistent speaking styles. They place great importance on the actual message, and its meaning is usually easier to understand and more direct. Communication is more detailed and exact because people rely less on outside factors to shape meaning. Every word matters, and accuracy is necessary to avoid misunderstanding, especially in formal or professional situations. These contextual differences are easy to see in the business world . A Japanese contract is often shorter because much information is assumed within the high-context culture. An American contract, however, is longer and more detailed to ensure nothing is left confusing . Understanding these differences helps people communicate more effectively across cultures and build stronger relationships, encouraging deeper cooperation and mutual respect in diverse international settings. (Adapted from Reading for the Real World) Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

American business contracts are briefer and less informative than Japanese ones.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of…

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
Cultural conflicts happen because people misunderstand contextual information. Different cultures attach different levels of importance to context when they communicate, so the same message may be understood differently. Because of this, knowing how people rely on context is vital for reducing confusion and improving communication across cultures.
There are generally two types of cultures: high-context cultures and low-context cultures. High-context cultures, such as those in East Asian and Middle Eastern countries, focus heavily on the situation of a message. Much meaning is implied rather than said directly, so speakers need to know the relationship and setting before understanding the words. These cultures value suggested ideas more than the exactness of words.
In contrast, low-context cultures, such as Germany or America, are characterized by clear communication, precise wording, detailed messages, and consistent speaking styles. They place great importance on the actual message, and its meaning is usually easier to understand and more direct. Communication is more detailed and exact because people rely less on outside factors to shape meaning. Every word matters, and accuracy is necessary to avoid misunderstanding, especially in formal or professional situations.
These contextual differences are easy to see in the business world. A Japanese contract is often shorter because much information is assumed within the high-context culture. An American contract, however, is longer and more detailed to ensure nothing is left confusing. Understanding these differences helps people communicate more effectively across cultures and build stronger relationships, encouraging deeper cooperation and mutual respect in diverse international settings.
(Adapted from Reading for the Real World)
Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A.
High-context cultures often rely on implied meanings rather than direct words.
B.
Low-context cultures focus on both greater clarity and the actual message.
C.
Effective communication across cultures encourages cooperation and respect.
D.
American business contracts are briefer and less informative than Japanese ones.
Đáp án: <p>American business contracts are briefer and less informative than Japanese ones.</p>
Phương pháp giải:
Lần lượt đọc và xác định từ khóa trong từng đáp án, đọc lướt qua bài đọc để xác định thông tin có liên quan, so sánh đối chiếu để xác định câu KHÔNG ĐÚNG theo nội dung bài đọc.
Lời giải chi tiết:
Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
(Theo đoạn văn, câu nào sau đây KHÔNG ĐÚNG?)
A. High-context cultures often rely on implied meanings rather than direct words. => đúng
(Các nền văn hóa ngữ cảnh cao thường dựa vào ý nghĩa ngụ ý hơn là lời nói trực tiếp.)
Thông tin: [Đoạn 2]High-context cultures, such as those in East Asian and Middle Eastern countries, focus heavily on the situation of a message. Much meaning is implied rather than said directly,
(Các nền văn hóa ngữ cảnh cao, chẳng hạn như ở các nước Đông Á và Trung Đông, tập trung rất nhiều vào ngữ cảnh của thông điệp. Phần lớn ý nghĩa được ngụ ý hơn là được nói trực tiếp.)
B. Low-context cultures focus on both greater clarity and the actual message. => đúng
(Các nền văn hóa ngữ cảnh thấp tập trung vào cả sự rõ ràng hơn và thông điệp thực tế.)
Thông tin: [Đoạn 3]In contrast, low-context cultures, such as Germany or America, are characterized by clear communication, precise wording, detailed messages, and consistent speaking styles. They place great importance on the actual message,
(Ngược lại, các nền văn hóa ngữ cảnh thấp, chẳng hạn như Đức hoặc Mỹ, được đặc trưng bởi giao tiếp rõ ràng, cách diễn đạt chính xác, thông điệp chi tiết và phong cách nói nhất quán. Họ rất coi trọng thông điệp thực tế.)
C. Effective communication across cultures encourages cooperation and respect. => đúng
(Giao tiếp hiệu quả xuyên văn hóa khuyến khích sự hợp tác và tôn trọng.)
Thông tin: [Đoạn 4]Understanding these differences helps people communicate more effectively across cultures and build stronger relationships, encouraging deeper cooperation and mutual respect in diverse international settings.
(Hiểu được những khác biệt này giúp mọi người giao tiếp hiệu quả hơn xuyên văn hóa và xây dựng mối quan hệ bền chặt hơn, khuyến khích sự hợp tác sâu sắc hơn và sự tôn trọng lẫn nhau trong các bối cảnh quốc tế đa dạng.)
D. American business contracts are briefer and less informative than Japanese ones. => SAI
(Hợp đồng kinh doanh của Mỹ ngắn gọn và ít thông tin hơn so với hợp đồng của Nhật Bản.)
Thông tin: [Đoạn 4]An American contract, however, is longer and more detailed to ensure nothing is left confusing.
(Tuy nhiên, hợp đồng của Mỹ dài hơn và chi tiết hơn để đảm bảo không có gì gây nhầm lẫn.)
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