Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of…

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Urban Green Spaces: A Necessity for Modern Cities

Access to nature has become increasingly important for urban populations. In recent years, urban green spaces have gained significant attention as vital components of city planning. Many city dwellers seek access to parks and gardens for recreational purposes and to improve their quality of life. Studies show that green spaces contribute positively to mental and physical health, providing a refuge from the concrete surroundings.

Urban areas often face challenges due to high population density and limited natural environments. Consequently, cities are increasingly recognizing the importance of integrating green areas into their development plans. Factors such as community gardens, rooftop gardens, and public parks can enhance urban biodiversity and provide essential habitats for various species.

Moreover, green spaces play a crucial role in mitigating urban heat and improving air quality. Trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, which can help combat pollution. Additionally, they offer shade and cooling effects, making cities more livable during hot weather.

Despite the benefits, the creation and maintenance of urban green spaces are not without challenges. Limited land availability, budget constraints, and competing development interests can hinder the establishment of these areas. Nonetheless, with effective planning and community involvement, cities can develop sustainable green spaces that serve their residents well.

In conclusion, urban green spaces are essential for enhancing the well-being of city residents, improving environmental quality, and fostering community interaction. Prioritizing their development is crucial for building healthier and more sustainable urban environments.

(Adapted from IELTS Reading)

The phrase contribute positively in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by _____.